The Battle for Varanasi

OK, so it's official. Arvind Kejriwal will attempt a Raj Narain against Narendra Modi in Varanasi.  Varanasi claims to be one of the oldest living cities in the world.  The city's official website goes on to quote Mark Twain in not just BEING old but LOOKING old - a dubious distinction, at best. In recent times, Varanasi has been in the news for all the wrong reasons, terrible garbage management being one of the newest. And (surprise! surprise!) that's the most important issue for Males in the constituency, per our survey.
That brings me to the reason for this blog: to highlight Issues in the constituency of Varanasi. Whoever wins, doing better than the current MP should not be difficult at all (Dr M M Joshi scored in the 47th percentile nationally). But that will happen only if the debate during the electoral process and the MP's focus subsequently are about things that are important to the people of Varanasi. Here's what our survey brings up, as the most important issues for the voters of Varanasi, compared with the top five issues across the country, broken down by Men and Women:

	Varanasi	All India
All	Better roads	Better employment opportunities
	Drinking water	Better roads
	Anti-terrorism	Drinking water
	Accessibility of MP	Better electric supply
	Reservation for jobs and education	Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres
Male	Better garbage clearance	Better employment opportunities
	Better roads	Better roads
	Drinking water	Drinking water
	Reservation for jobs and education	Better electric supply
	Anti-terrorism	Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres
Female	Training for jobs	Better employment opportunities
	Environmental issues	Better roads
	Better roads	Drinking water
	Drinking water	Better electric supply
	Anti-terrorism	Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres

First of all, what jumps right out is that basic amenities are seriously lacking, in the minds of the voter. Roads and drinking water are clearly things that the aam aadmi and aurat wants. And that's not that different from the rest of the country, since the same issues occur at a National level, too. What's interesting about Varanasi specifically is that jobs, garbage clearance and environmental issues are among the top few issues. And these are the issues that the AAP is talking about (weaver / sewer / river). Obviously, someone's been doing their homework out there - and presented the results in the near-alliterations that we all like.
One big segmentation being discussed in this election is that of The Youth vs. The Rest. Here's a chart that shows all the relevant issues in the Varanasi constituency, detailed by various age-groups. The chart shows the percentage of people in each age-group who marked a specific issue (shown in the left-most column) as being oh High importance. I've highlighted the top ten in each age-group.

Importance	18 - 30	30 - 40	40 - 50	50 - 65
Better roads	50.0%	35.8%	22.3%	20.3%
Better schools	41.2%	25.0%	18.9%	23.0%
Better public transport	36.5%	24.3%	17.6%	20.3%
Environmental issues	47.3%	32.5%	16.2%	15.6%
Better employment opportunities	39.2%	24.3%	18.3%	18.3%
Trustworthiness of MP	31.1%	21.0%	14.2%	16.2%
Anti-terrorism	49.4%	33.1%	18.3%	14.9%
Reservation for jobs and education	46.7%	39.2%	20.3%	15.6%
Drinking water	56.1%	36.5%	15.6%	16.2%
Subsidized food distribution	43.3%	25.7%	18.3%	12.2%
Strong Defence/Military	42.6%	32.5%	16.9%	12.8%
Training for jobs	46.7%	29.1%	18.9%	14.9%
Eradication of Corruption	33.8%	27.7%	20.3%	14.2%
Better Law and Order / Policing	39.2%	37.2%	16.9%	13.5%
Security for women	41.9%	20.3%	15.6%	13.5%
Better electric supply	43.3%	29.7%	12.2%	12.8%
Accessibility of MP	51.4%	31.1%	31.1%	14.2%
Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres	35.2%	30.4%	15.6%	11.5%
Empowerment of Women	44.6%	29.1%	19.6%	9.5%
Better garbage clearance	8.8%	8.1%	5.4%	3.4%
Encroachment of public land / lakes etc	2.0%	0.7%	0.7%	0.7%
Lower food prices for Consumers	4.7%	2.0%	2.7%	1.4%
Traffic congestion	3.4%	4.7%	1.4%	2.0%
Facility for pedestrians and cyclists on roads	3.4%	4.1%	3.4%	0.7%

There is certainly a difference among the age-groups, but the core theme seems to be the same:  basic infrastructure and employment. Yes, the youngest groups seem to worry about terrorism. And accessibility to the MP. But the basic National theme (below) of aspiring for the most basic of necessities is reflected in Varanasi, too, in some ways.

18 - 30 years	Better employment opportunities Better public transport Drinking water Better roads Better electric supply
30 - 40 years	Better employment opportunities Drinking water Better roads Better public transport Better electric supply
40 - 50 years	Better employment opportunities Drinking water Better roads Better electric supply Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres
50 - 65 years	Better employment opportunities Drinking water Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres Better roads Better schools

Can we hope that these will be the currency of discussion in the coming debates, instead of who slept on the street in Delhi and who the candidate's wife is? More importantly, can the people of the oldest living city in India hope that at least their simplest needs are met by the new MP? Time will tell.